Intégrer des modèles de viabilité dans les outils d'aide à la gestion participative de territoires protégés

An important challenge for participatory management is to manage renewable resources and biodiversity. In the framework of the decision support for participatory management of protected areas, we propose in this thesis an expert agent who provides information on the viability of the proposed solutions to help players to make a decision. This is a new application of the viability theory that provides concepts and methods for controlling a dynamic system in order to maintain the system in a set of viability constraints. Firstly, we study how the viability theory is particularly adapted to the problem of sustainable management. Sustainability analysis takes into account both the asymptotical dynamics and transient behaviors that have both to be considered in the context of environmental management systems. This study motivates the introduction of agent ”viability” in the context of support participatory management. Then, we describe an algorithm of approximation of the viability kernel, which focuses on the reduction of computing time. This algorithm uses the ”nearest neighbors” as a classification method, which satisfies the conditions guaranteeing the asymptotic convergence of the approximation. We compare the results obtained in cases where the theoretic viability kernel could be calculated. The accuracy of this algorithm is always higher than 90 percent. The computing time is relatively short, which is very interesting in the aim of integrating these calculations of viability kernel in tools of decision support. We also develop a software that is easy to use by players to help analyze the problem of sustainability. Players define their sustainability problem through a graphical user interface and launch simulations. The software also allows users to visualize the viability kernels and to observe the trajectories in 2D and 3D. Finally we study a viability expert agent in a game SimParc to observe these influences. We present the results provided by the viability expert agent using an abstract model which focuses on biodiversity. Then we present an experiment with and without viability expert agent.